子宫颈癌普查
The purpose of screening is early diagnosis and treatment. 筛选 tests are given to people without symptoms, but who may be at high risk for certain diseases or conditions.
筛选试验
筛选 tests to help detect cervical 癌症 include:
- Pap test—A sample of cells in and around the cervix are taken and tested. The samples are checked for abnormal growth or 癌症.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) test—The same sample of cells can be used to detect HPV infection.
- Pelvic exam—The vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries are checked. 这是手工完成的.
检查指导方针
筛选 guidelines vary among medical groups. 筛选 also depends on a person's health. 在一般情况下, for healthy women (without prior cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 2 or higher) they are:
- 开始 巴氏试验 年龄在21到25岁之间.
- 有一个爸爸和 人乳头状瘤病毒测试 every 5 years for women aged 25 to 65 years. They may continue with Pap tests every 3 years, if desired.
- For women aged 65 years and older—Stop having Pap and 人乳头状瘤病毒测试s if tests have been normal for the past 10 years.
Pap tests may be recommended more often for those with:
- 异常结果
- A weak immune system from a health condition (such as 艾滋病毒)或药物
- 暴露在 己烯雌酚 (DES) 在子宫里的时候
- 的历史 宫颈发育不良 或者子宫颈癌
参考文献
- 子宫颈癌. EBSCO DynaMed网站. 可在:http://www.力学.com/condition/cervical-癌症 . 于2021年4月20日发布.
- 子宫颈癌筛查. EBSCO DynaMed网站. 可在:http://www.力学.com/prevention/cervical-癌症-screening. 于2021年4月20日发布.
- 子宫颈癌筛查 (PDQ). National Cancer Institute website. 可在:http://www.癌症.gov/types/cervical/patient/cervical-screening-pdq. 于2021年4月20日发布.
- Guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical 癌症. American Cancer Society website. 可在:http://www.癌症.org/癌症/cervical-癌症/detection-diagnosis-staging/cervical-癌症-screening-guidelines.html. 于2021年4月20日发布.
- 胡哲，马迪. The precision prevention and therapy of HPV-related cervical 癌症: new concepts and clinical implications. 癌症医疗. 2018年10月,7 (10):5217 - 5236.